VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, a service that protects your Internet connection and online privacy.
Usually, when you try to access a website, the Internet service provider receives your request and redirects you to the desired destination. But when you connect to a VPN, it redirects your Internet traffic through a VPN server before sending it to its destination. Here's what happens when you connect to a VPN:
The VPN server identifies the user by authenticating the client.
The VPN server applies an encryption protocol to all data sent and received.
The VPN service then creates an encrypted 'tunnel' through which the data is channelled to its destination, so that no one can access it without authorisation.
To ensure that each data packet remains secure, a VPN wraps it in an external packet, which is then encrypted through encapsulation. In this way, it keeps the data safe during transfer and is the essential element of the VPN tunnel.
When the data arrives at the server, the external packet is removed through a decryption process.
The VPN tunnel is first created by authenticating your client (a computer, smartphone or tablet) with a VPN server. The server then uses one of several encryption protocols to ensure that no one can monitor the information travelling between you and your online destination.
Types of VPN
Remote Access VPN
A remote access VPN allows users to connect to a remote network, usually via specific software. If you have ever had to access your office network, chances are you have used a remote access VPN. This option makes working outside the office safer and easier, as employees can access data and resources wherever they are.
Personal VPN
Most consumer-level VPNs are classified as personal VPNs. This is very similar to how remote access VPNs work: however, instead of connecting to a proprietary network with restrictions (such as your workplace network), you connect to your VPN provider's servers for protection and privacy while surfing the Internet.
Site-to-site VPN
Site-to-site VPNs are mainly used by companies, especially large corporations. They allow users in selected locations to access each other's networks securely. It is an excellent solution to connect all offices and allow different branches to securely share resources and information.